Teenage Pregnancy
BY:
THE FLYING JOURNAL
October 04, 2011
Statistics in the United States show that each year, almost one million teenage women 10 percent of all women aged 15-19 and 19 percent of those who have had sexual intercourse become pregnant and one fourth of teenage mothers have a second child within two years of their first.
In the Philippines, according to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Institute (UPPI) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience.
What’s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement.
“Naay mga batan-on nga mo-engage nalang ug live-in relationship or magminyu nalang ug sayo kay tungod wala silay makita na purpose sa ilahang kinabuhi. Wa man sila’y laing mahuna-hunaan nga buhaton, compared sa mga bata or batan-on nga ni-eskwela. Gamay ra ang porsyento nga magka-interes sa paglaruy-laruy. Dili kaayo sila makahuna-huna sa ilahang mga uyab, kay daghan man sila ug mahuna-hunaan sa pag-eskwela,” (There are really teenagers that are prone to be in a live-in relationship or marrying at an early age because they don’t find any purpose in their life. They can’t think of anything compared to the teenagers who go to school. There are fewer chances that they will hang with friends. They don’t tend to think about their boyfriends or girlfriends because they occupied their time with school stuffs.)said Dr. Emmanuel Hernani, Cebu Normal University Guidance Counselor and Doctor of Psychology.
“Partly responsibilidad man gyud na sa ginikanan. Pero di ta ka blame sa mga ginikanan nga anaay anak nga gahi sad kaayo ug ulo.Kanang mga anak nga mosukol ug morebelde ug dili musonud sa guide sa ilang mga ginikanan,” (Partly, it is the parents’ responsibility. But we cannot blame them of having a child who is stubborn. Especially children who are rebellious and do not obey their parents.)he added.
According to the studies conducted by World Bank, the Philippines is among the top 10 countries where there is an increasing number of teenage mothers. Seven out of 10 Filipina mothers are adolescents; most of them are below 19 years old. There are 3.6 million young mothers in the Philippines to date. Evidently, these figures translate to a higher incidence of abortion in the country. Every year, an estimated total of 64,000 Filipino youth commit abortion.
While there is a prevalence of pregnancy among teens, it is still intensely unaccepted by the society—especially the parents. Because of this reason as well as their youth, adolescent mothers-to-be are more prone to stress. They suffer both physical and emotional pains.
Dr. Gloria Villena, Obstetrician-Gynecologist at Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital says that teenage pregnancy is risky because adolescents’ bodies are not yet fully-developed; bearing another child inside of them is precarious to their health.
“Giingnan na jud na nako si Carlo nga ayaw na jud paanaka si Geraldine,” (I already told Carlo not to impregnated Geraldine again.)said Gemma.
Based on the World Health Organization, teenage pregnancy may lead to various complications and risks:
Risk for malnutrition
Teenage mothers tend to have poor eating habits and are less likely to take recommended daily multivitamins to maintain adequate nutrition during pregnancy. They are also more likely to smoke, drink or take drugs during pregnancy, which can cause health problems for the baby.
Risk for inadequate prenatal care
Teenage mothers are less likely to seek regular prenatal care which is essential for monitoring the growth of the fetus; keeping the mother’s weight in check; and advising the mother on nutrition and how she should take care of herself to ensure a healthy pregnancy. According to the American Medical Association, babies born to women who do not have regular prenatal care are 4 times more likely to die before the age of 1 year.
Risk for abortion
Unplanned pregnancies lead to a higher rate of abortions. In the United States, nearly 4 in 10 teen pregnancies (excluding those ending in miscarriages) are terminated by abortion. There were about 274,000 abortions among teens in 1996.
In the Philippines, although abortion is illegal, it would shock you to know that we even have a higher abortion rate (25/1,000 women) compared to the United States where abortion is legal (23/1,000 women). For sure, there are more abortions that happen in our country that are not even reported. Backdoor abortions are resorted to with untrained hilots (midwives) with questionable sterility procedures, increasing the possibility for tetanus poisoning and other complications.
Risk for fetal deaths
Statistics of the Department of Health show that fetal deaths are more likely to happen to young mothers and that babies born by them are likely to have low birth weight.
Risk for acquiring cervical cancer
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually-transmitted, wart-forming virus that has been implicated in causing cancer of the cervix. This is the most common cancer in women secondary to breast cancer. Women who are at increased risk for acquiring this are those who engage in sex before 18, have a pregnancy at or younger than 18, or have had at least 5 sexual partners, or have had a partner with at least 5 sexual partners.
How to prevent teen pregnancy?
1. Keep them at home with an intact family set up. The social institutions surrounding the youth jointly form a web of influence that either shield or lays them open to the lure of sexual risk-taking.
The family is one such social institution since an intact family with both parents raising the child was found to be correlated to less risk taking behavior by teens.
Those who left home early or were raised by separated parents were noted to engage in sex early and other risk taking behaviors. Family supervision and a stable parental union are associated with lesser chances of their children engaging in premarital sex.
2. Keep them in school. The other social institution that shields the youth from engaging in risk taking behavior is the school. Teens leaving school at an early age are more likely than other group of women to have their first sexual experience outside of marriage.
3. Keep talking to them. Increased parental communication decreases the likelihood of young Filipinos to engage in sexual risk-taking activities. It has been found that the mother, in particular, has a special role because their monitoring as well as open communication lines with their daughter were found to be associated with less chance for the teen to engage in intercourse or have fewer sexual partners.
4. Keep them morally and spiritually grounded. Over 80 percent of the 502 teens in a September poll told researchers that religion is important in their lives. Regardless of gender or race, survey results revealed that teens who attend religious services frequently are less likely to have permissive attitudes about sex.
Orienting them with the proper values early helps them imbibe it in their lives and keeps them from succumbing to peer pressure.
Preventing teen pregnancies requires a concerted effort on the part of the parents, the school and government. They need to insure that the right information is transmitted to children especially during their pre-teen years and that they are well-monitored and supported emotionally and psychologically. We can’t watch what our kids do all the time, but then again, we won’t have to if they are equipped to make better decisions for themselves.
Dr. Rebecca B. Singson holds clinics at the Makati Medical Center and at the Asian Hospital and Medical Center. She is an information advocate on issues related to the female reproductive organ and other women’s health issues.